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The study of Jewish converts to Christianity in the modern era has long been marginalized in Jewish historiography. Labeled disparagingly in the Jewish tradition as meshumadim (apostates), many earlier Jewish scholars treated these individuals in a negative light or generally ignored them as not properly belonging any longer to the community and its historical legacy. This situation has radically changed in recent years with an outpouring of new studies on converts in variegated times and places, culminating perhaps in the most recent synthesis of modern Jewish converts by Todd Endelman in 2015. While Endelman argues that most modern converts left the Jewish fold for economic, social, or political reasons, he does acknowledge the presence of those who chose to convert for ideological and spiritual motives. The purpose of this volume is to consider more fully the latter group, perhaps the most interesting from the perspective of Jewish intellectual history: those who moved from Judaism to Christianity out of a conviction that they were choosing a superior religion, and out of doubt or lack of confidence in the religious principles and practices of their former one. Their spiritual journeys often led them to suspect their newly adopted beliefs as well, and some even returned to Judaism or adopted a hybrid faith consisting of elements of both religions. Their intellectual itineraries between Judaism and Christianity offer a unique perspective on the formation of modern Jewish identities, Jewish-Christian relations, and the history of Jewish skeptical postures. The approach of the authors of this book is to avoid broad generalizations about the modern convert in favor of detailed case studies of specific converts in four distinct localities: Germany, Russia, Poland, and England, all living in the nineteenth- century. In so doing, it underscores the individuality of each convert's life experience and self-reflection and the need to examine more intensely this relatively neglected dimension of Jewish and Christian cultural and intellectual history.

Converts. --- Missionaries.

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"George Brown (1835-1917) was many things during his long life; leader in the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Australasia, explorer, linguist, political activist, apologist for the missionary enterprise, amateur anthropologist, writer, constant traveller, collector of artefacts, photographer and stirrer. He saw himself, at heart, as a missionary. The islands of the Pacific Ocean were the scene of his endeavours, with extended periods lived in Samoa and the New Britain region of today's Papua New Guinea, followed by repeated visits to Tonga, Fiji, the Milne Bay region of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It could be argued that while he was a missionary in the Pacific region he was not a pacific missionary. Brown gained unwanted notoriety for involvement in a violent confrontation at one point in his career, and lived through conflict in many contexts but he also frequently worked as a peace maker. Policies he helped shape on issues such as church union, Indigenous leadership, representation by lay people and a wider role for women continue to influence Uniting Church in Australia and churches in the Pacific region. His name is still remembered with honour in several parts of the Pacific. Brown's marriage to Sarah Lydia Wallis, daughter of pioneer missionaries to New Zealand, was long and rich. Each strengthened the other and they stand side by side in this account."--Publisher description

Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Missionaries --- Missions --- Brown, George, --- Wesleyan Methodist Church. --- Brown, G. --- Methodistiaid Wesleyaidd --- Religious adherents --- Methodist Church (Great Britain) --- Wesleyan Methodist Church --- History. --- Oceania --- Description and travel.

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"Ships, soldiers, missionaries and settlers drove the process of European expansion from the 16th to the 19th centuries. In doing so, they set in motion the circulation of images, manuscripts and books between different continents. ... This book explores the extent to which the types of written information that resulted during colonial expansion shaped the numerous and complex processes of cultural exchange from the 16th century onwards"--Back cover.

Written communication --- Communication and culture --- Cultural relations --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- History --- Africa --- America --- Colonization --- Cultural exchange --- Intercultural relations --- Culture and communication --- Written discourse --- Written language --- Americas --- New World --- Intellectual cooperation --- International relations --- Culture --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Language and languages --- Visual communication --- Western Hemisphere --- Eastern Hemisphere --- written culture --- colonial expansion --- 16th to 19th centuries --- missionaries --- settlers --- cultural exchange --- analphabetical cultures --- Dutch East India Company --- Khoikhoi

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“This transhistorical volume explores the paradoxical nature of hospitality in the Baltic Sea region. Covering a multifarious gallery of social groups, the book demonstrates how deeply hospitality is interlinked with securitization.” – Marek Tamm, Professor of Cultural History, Tallinn University, Estonia “This book contributes to a very timely debate on the issue of immigration in Europe from a historical perspective. Its sophisticated and rich chapters are unified in their focus on hospitality as a transhistorical phenomenon.” – Andrea Spehar, Director of the Centre on Global Migration, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Reflecting debate around hospitality and the Baltic Sea region, this open access book taps into wider discussions about reception, securitization and xenophobic attitudes towards migrants and strangers. Focusing on coastal and urban areas, the collection presents an overview of the responses of host communities to guests and strangers in the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, from the early eleventh century to the twentieth. The chapters investigate why and how diverse categories of strangers including migrants, war refugees, prisoners of war, merchants, missionaries and vagrants, were portrayed as threats to local populations or as objects of their charity, shedding light on the current predicament facing many European countries. Emphasizing the Baltic Sea region as a uniquely multi-layered space of intercultural encounter and conflict, this book demonstrates the significance of Northeastern Europe to migration history. Sari Nauman is Associate Professor in History at Södertörn University and the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Wojtek Jezierski is Associate Professor in History at Södertörn University, Stockholm University, University of Gothenburg in Sweden and the University of Oslo in Norway. Christina Reimann is Postdoctoral Researcher in History at Stockholm University, Södertörn University and the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. Leif Runefelt is Professor in the History of Ideas at Södertörn University, Sweden.

European history --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Social & cultural history --- Migrant crises --- Baltic Sea --- Inhospitality --- Xenophobia --- Strangers --- Refugees --- Missionaries --- Migration history --- Community --- Hostility --- Discrimination --- Host --- Intercultural --- Northern European history --- Spaces of hospitality --- Other --- Baltic Rim --- Europe—History. --- Emigration and immigration. --- Social history. --- Europe—History—476-1492. --- Civilization—History. --- European History. --- Human Migration. --- Social History. --- History of Medieval Europe. --- Cultural History. --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- History --- Sociology --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization

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The focus of this study is the “Syria Mission”, directed by the Protestant missionary society American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1819 to 1870 in the Ottoman province of Syria, operating mainly within the territory of present-day Lebanon. The analysis of the cultural transfer between the Ottoman Empire and the United States of America undertaken in this study focuses on four relevant protagonists, whose contributions have not yet been sufficiently explored in missiological studies: The missionaries Eli Smith and Cornelius Van Dyck as well as the Syrian Protestants Butrus al-Bustani and John Wortabet. As a result, the Syria Mission of the ABCFM demonstrates how two different cultures met in a so called contact zone in the mission field and how these dialogue partners, despite many conflicts and disagreements, succeeded in contributing towards a fruitful dialogue. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Syrienmission der protestantischen Missionsgesellschaft American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), die sich von 1819 bis 1870 in der Osmanischen Provinz Syrien, d.h. auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Libanon, etablierte. Die Analyse des kulturellen Austausches zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika setzt bei vier wichtigen Protagonisten an, die in der bisherigen missionsgeschichtlichen Forschung nicht ausführlich bzw. gar nicht Beachtung fanden: Die Missionare Eli Smith und Cornelius Van Dyck sowie die syrischen Protestanten Butrus al-Bustani und John Wortabet. Die Syrienmission des ABCFM ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie zwei verschiedene Kulturen in der sogenannten contact zone der Missionsstationen aufeinander trafen und trotz Konflikten und Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog gelangen konnten.

Missionaries --- Christianity. --- History. --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. --- Christianity --- Religions --- Church history --- Religious adherents --- Amerikean Pōrt Ěnkerutʻiwn --- Amerikan Misyoner Şirketi --- A.B.C.F.M. --- ABCFM --- American Board --- American Board of Foreign Missions --- Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --- American Board of Missions --- American Mission --- United Foreign Missionary Society --- United Church Board for World Ministries --- Woman's Board of Missions --- Woman's Board of Missions for the Pacific --- Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior --- Mission --- Middle East --- Syria --- Lebanon --- USA --- Ottoman Empire --- transcultural dialogue --- Eli Smith --- Cornelius Van Dyck --- Butrus al-Bustani --- John Wortabet --- Naher Osten --- Syrien --- Libanon --- Osmanisches Reich --- transkultureller Dialog --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --- Anthony van Dyck --- Arabic --- Beirut --- Protestantism